Grouping and read-across applications for the risk assessment of  nanomaterials have been described within the broader perspective of the MARINA risk assessment strategy. (http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/12/10/13415 )

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/12/12/14961

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Innovation Stage

Early phase (Potential)
Mid phase (Indicator)
Late phase (Demonstrator)

Assessed Elements

Risks

Exposure route

Dermal
Oral
Inhalation

Population

Consumer
Environment
General population
Worker

Domain

Biocide products
Chemical substances
Cosmetic products
Drugs
Food contact materials
Food labelling
Medical devices

Type of output

Qualitative
Quantitative